聚合物共混物的相容性就好比“走后门找关系”？
The compatibility of polymer blends is like "going through the back door"?

 
所谓相容剂，比如说，两个毫无相干的人，怎么拉在一起？A想找到C，在中国就是要点关系，而这点关系就是C，C就是相容剂（此种说法仅供娱乐），当然，比如两个爱吵架的人，关羽与张飞，刘备就是他们的相容剂！
What is a compatibilizer, for example, two people who have nothing to do with each other? Want to find A C in China is the relationship between the point, and this relationship is C, C is the compatilizer (this is only for entertainment), of course, such as two who love quarrel, guan yu and zhang fei and liu bei is their compatilizer!

 
聚合物与聚合物组分之间的共混体系，有的有良好的相容性，有的相容性不大好，或者完全不相容。如何处理与解决聚合物组分之间的相容性问题，是塑料改性工作者研究、开拓的重要课题。（敬请收藏与分享）
The blend system between polymer and polymer components, some have good compatibility, some compatibility is not good, or completely incompatible. How to deal with the compatibility problem between polymer components is an important subject for research and development of plastic modification workers. (please collect and share)

 

 
本文内容丰富，我们分为5个部分来讲
This article is rich in content, and we divide it into five parts

 
1、聚合物共混物的相容性原则
1. Compatibility principle of polymer blends

 
2、提高共混物相容性方法
2. Improve the compatibility of blends

 
3、聚合物的相容性与相容剂
3. Compatibility and compatibility of polymers

 
4、相容剂的分类
4. Classification of compatibilizers

 
5、相容剂应用举例
5. Application of compatibilizer for example

 

 
能回答以下问题，就说明您真的看了这篇文章：
To answer the following questions, you really read this article:

 

 
1.市面上有种万能的相容剂，能跟ABS，PS，SBS，PVC，等很多塑料都相容的一种材料，您猜猜是什么？
1. There is a kind of universal compatibilizer, which can be compatible with ABS, PS, SBS, PVC and other plastics. What is your guess?

 
2.关于TPE包胶ABS，PC，以及POM，如何提高相容性？
2. How to improve compatibility of TPE bag ABS, PC, and POM?

 
3.马来酸酐能够接枝哪些聚合物？有什么特点？要注意什么？
What polymers can maleic anhydride be grafted? What are the characteristics? What should you pay attention to?

 

 
回复“助剂”查看更多，如果您想探讨，请加小编微信：18319055312
For more, if you want to discuss, please add us WeChat: 18319055312

 

 
1、聚合物共混物的相容性原则
1. Compatibility principle of polymer blends

 
聚合物组分之间的共混改性，为达到改善性能的相应效果，往往需要加入相容体系。一般来说，不同聚合物组分之间的共混需要的是相适应的相容性，从而制得相相之间结合力较强的多相结构的共混物。了解与应用共混物体系之间的更好相容性，应考虑如下几个原则。
In order to improve the performance, the blending modification of polymer components often requires a compatible system. Generally speaking, the co-mixing between different polymer components needs to be compatible with each other, thus making the combination of the cohesive force and the strong multi-phase structure. The following principles should be considered in understanding the better compatibility between applications and applications.

 

 
（1）溶解度参数相近原则
(1) the solubility parameter is similar to the principle

 
聚合物之间的共混过程，实际上是分子链间相互扩散的过程，并受分子链之间作用的制约。分子链间相互作用的大小，可以用溶解度参数来表示。溶解度参数的符号为δ，其数值为单位体积内聚能密度的平方根。不同组分之间的相容性好坏，也可以用溶解度参数δ之差来衡量，即δ越接近，其相容性越好。
The blending process between polymers is actually a process of diffusion between molecular chains and is restricted by the interaction of molecular chains. The size of interaction between molecules can be represented by solubility parameters. The symbol of the solubility parameter is delta, and its value is the square root of the density in the unit volume. The compatibility between different components can also be measured by the difference of solubility parameter delta, namely, the closer the delta is, the better the compatibility.

 
如两种聚合物溶解度参数相近，其差值通常要＜0.2，而两种聚合物溶解度参数之差＞0.5时，不能以任意比例相容。例如：PVC/NBR共混体系，PVC的溶解度参数δA为9.4～9.7，而NBR的溶解度参数δB为9.3～9.5，所以PVC与NBR相容性良好；又如PS/PB共混体系，他们的溶解度参数之差＞0.7，所以两者的相容性差。PVC与PS的溶解度参数之差＞1，所以两者基本不相容。
If two kinds of polymer solubility parameters are similar, the difference is usually < 0.2, while the difference between two kinds of polymer solubility parameters, > 0.5, cannot be compatible with any proportion. For example, PVC/NBR blend system, the solubility parameter delta of PVC is 9.4 ~ 9.7, while the solubility parameter of NBR is 9.3 ~ 9.5, so PVC is compatible with NBR. As the PS/PB co-mixing system, their solubility parameter is > 0.7, so the compatibility of the two is poor. The difference between PVC and PS's solubility parameters is > 1, so they are basically incompatible.

 

 
（2）极性相近原则
(2) the principle of similar polarity

 
聚合物之间共混体系的极性越相近，其相容性越好，即极性组分与极性组分、非极性组分与非极性组分都具有良好的相容性。例如：PVC/EVA、PVC/NBR、PVC/ABS之间极性相近，所以其相容性好。在考虑共混改性配方设计时，要了解聚合物之间相容性的基本原则：极性/极性≥非极性/非极性≥极性/非极性。极性组分与非极性组分之间一般不相容，例如：PVC/PC、PVC/PS、PC/PS等。
The more similar the polarity of the polymer blends, the better the compatibility of the polar components, the polar components, the non-polar components and the non-polar components. For example, the polarity of PVC/EVA, PVC/NBR, PVC/ABS is similar, so its compatibility is good. The basic principles of compatibility between polymers should be understood when considering the design of blends. Polarity/polarity is greater than non-polar/non-polar or non-polar. The polar components are generally incompatible with non-polar components, such as PVC/PC, PVC/PS, PC/PS etc.

 
极性相近原则也有些例外，例如：PVC/CR共混体系，其极性相近，但不相容；而PPO/PS两种极性不同的组分，相容性反而很好。
There are some exceptions to the principle of polar proximity, such as: PVC/CR co-mixing system, whose polarity is similar but not compatible; And the PPO/PS two polarity different components, compatibility is very good.

 

 
（3）结构相近原则
(3) principle of similar structure

 
聚合物共混体系中各组分的结构相似，则相容性就好，即两聚合物的结构越接近，其相容性越好。所谓结构相近，是指各组分分子链中含有相同或相近的结构单元，例如：PA6月PA66分子链中都含有—CH2—、—CO—NH—，故有较好的相容性。
The structure of each component in the polymer blend system is similar, and the compatibility is good. The closer the structure of the two polymers is, the better the compatibility. The term structure is similar to that in the molecular chains of various components, such as PA66 in PA66, which contains CH2 -, CO - NH -, so it has good compatibility.

 

 
（4）结晶能力相近原则
(4) principle of similar crystallization ability

 
共混体系为结晶聚合物时，多组分的结晶能力即结晶难易程度与最大结晶相近时，其相容性就好。而晶态与非晶态、晶态与晶态体系的相容性很差，只有在混晶时才会相容，如PA/PVC、PE/PA、PET/PBT体系。两组分非晶态体系相容性较好，如PPO与PS，PVC与NBR，PVC与EVA等。
When the blend system is a crystalline polymer, the crystallization ability of the multi-component is the same as the crystallization difficulty and the maximum crystallization. However, the compatibility of crystal state and amorphous state and crystal state system is very poor. Only when mixed crystals are compatible, such as PA/PVC, PE/PA, PET/PBT system. Two amorphous systems have good compatibility, such as PPO and PS, PVC and NBR, PVC and EVA.

 

 
（5）表面张力у相近原则
(5) the principle of surface tension and similarity

 
共混体系中各组分的表面张力越接近，其相容性越好。共混物在熔融时，与乳状液相似，其稳定性及分散度受两者表面张力的控制。у越接近，两相间的浸润-接触与扩散就越好，界面的结合也越好。例如：聚丙烯、聚乙烯与顺丁橡胶、天然橡胶、乙丙橡胶表面张力相近，因此其相容性很好，尤其是PP/EPDM是典型的增韧共混体系。
The closer the surface tension of each component is, the better the compatibility. In the melting time, the mixture is similar to the emulsion, and its stability and dispersion are controlled by the surface tension. The closer you get, the better the two - phase wetting - contact and diffusion, and the better the interface. For example, polypropylene, polyethylene and shunding rubber, natural rubber, and ethylene-propylene rubber have similar surface tension, so their compatibility is very good, especially PP/EPDM is a typical toughening and blending system.

 
塑料合金技术和分类
Plastic alloy technology and classification

 
2、提高共混物相容性方法
2. Improve the compatibility of blends

 
聚合物之间的相容性比较复杂，有的完全相容或部分相容；有的完全不相容或部分不相容。共混物完全相容是因为极性相同而结构相似，此类共混物性能改善不大。
The compatibility between polymers is complex, and some are completely compatible or partial. Some are completely incompatible or partially incompatible. Blends are completely compatible because of the same polarity and similar structure.

 
绝大多数的共混体系内聚合物之间只能部分相容。因此要想到达预期的改性效果，必须通过各种共混改性方法，例如：加入相容剂、交联、IPN、引入基团和改变结构等技术改善聚合物之间的相容性。回复“相容剂”查看更多
The vast majority of polymer blends are only partially compatible. Reached the expected modification effect, therefore should think of must be through a variety of blending modification methods, such as: adding compatilizer, crosslinking, IPN, introducing group and change the structure of technology to improve the compatibility between polymer. Reply to the compatibilizer for more

 
（1）加入相容剂
(1) the compatibility agent is added

 
加入相容剂，使两种或多种聚合物组分通过混炼，提高相界面层的黏结力，促进相分散，使形态结构稳定化，并借助聚合物分子间的键合力，降低两相组分间的界面张力，增加共混体系的均匀性，减小相分离，改善聚合物共混的综合性能。
Adding compatilizer, make two or more polymer components through mixing, improve the compressive force of phase interface layer, promote the phase dispersion, the morphological structure stabilization, and with the aid of bonding force between the polymer molecules, reduce the interfacial tension between the two phase component, increase the uniformity of blending system, reduce the phase separation, improve the comprehensive performance of polymer blends.

 
PE、PP、PS等聚烯烃之间，性能具有互补性但却缺乏良好的相容性，因此加入相容剂是必要的。PE/PP共混物两组分相容性差，但加入15%相容剂EPR后，其形态结构均化以及相界面黏结得到强化，性能有了明显改善。又如：PBT与PPO完全不相容且成型性极差，加入5%～8%带有环氧基的PS接枝相容剂，改善了PBT与PPO的相容性，并促进力学与加工性能大大提高。
PE, PP, PS and other polyolefins are complementary but lack good compatibility, so it is necessary to add compatibilizer. PE/PP blends are not compatible with each other, but after the addition of the 15% compatibilizer EPR, the morphological structure of the mixture and the interface bonding have been enhanced, and the performance has improved significantly. , such as: PBT and PPO completely incompatible and poor formability, adding 5% ~ 8% with epoxy group of PS grafted compatilizer, PBT, and the compatibility of PPO is improved, and promote the mechanical and processing performance is greatly improved.

 

 
（2）交联反应
(2) crosslinking reaction

 
聚合物交联反应属于化学改性在塑料行业中应用较为广泛。交联是指在聚合物大分子链之间产生的化学反应，从而形成化学键的过程。交联反应如果是在相互不相容的聚合物之间，可大大提高两种聚合物的相容性，甚至使不相容组分变为相容组分。
Polymer crosslinking reaction is a chemical modification that is widely used in plastics industry. Crosslinking refers to the chemical reactions that occur between polymer macromolecules that form chemical bonds. Crosslinking reaction, if it is between incompatible polymers, can greatly improve the compatibility of the two polymers and even make incompatible components a compatible component.

 
交联可分为化学交联和物理交联两种情况。例如：用辐射的方法使LDPE/PP产生化学交联。结晶作用属于物理交联，由于取向纤维组织的结晶，使已形成的共混物形态结构稳定，从而产生相容作用。
Crosslinking can be divided into two situations: chemical crosslinking and physical crosslinking. For example, the chemical crosslinking of LDPE/PP is caused by radiation. The crystallization effect belongs to the physical crosslinking, because the crystallization of the oriented fiber structure makes the form structure of the existing blends stable, thus producing a consistent effect.

 
用于提高聚合物共混组分相容性的交联，大多数企业采用动态交联方式。动态交联即可实现共混物的相容，又可提高共混物的综合性能，同时又不失去其固有的热塑性，仍然可用热塑性塑料成型加工方法加工。
In order to improve the compatibility of polymer blends, most enterprises adopt dynamic crosslinking. Dynamic crosslinking can realize the compatibility of blends and improve the comprehensive properties of blends, without losing its inherent thermoplastic, and still can be processed by thermoplastic forming processing method.

 
聚合物动态交联的必要条件如下：
The requirements of polymer dynamic crosslinking are as follows:

 
①被分散聚合物的粒径应为1～2µm；
The particle size of the dispersed polymer should be 1 ~ 2 m;

 
②两种或多种聚合物的表面张力差△у应低于0.5～3.0mN/m；
The surface tension of two or more polymers should be lower than 0.5 ~ 3.0 mN/m;

 
③塑料树脂的结晶度应大于15%～30%
The crystallinity of plastic resin should be greater than 15% ~ 30%

 
通常动态交联品种有：PP/EPDM、PE/EPDM、PP/CPE、PP/PA、PP/丁基橡胶、PP/天然橡胶、PA/丁腈橡胶等。
Usually dynamic crosslinking varieties are: PP/EPDM, PE/EPDM, PP/CPE, PP/PA, PP/butyl rubber, PP/natural rubber, PA/butyronitrile rubber, etc.

 

 
（3）IPN技术
(3) IPN technology

 
IPN技术，也叫互穿网络技术。互穿网络（IPN）技术可以制得互穿网络聚合物（IPN）共混物，是一种以化学法制备物理共混物的方法。它是两种聚合物分子在共混体系内互相贯穿，在分子水平上达到“强迫互容”和“分子协同”的效应的一种提高共混物相容性的一种比较有效的方法。
IPN technology, also called interoperability networking technology. Interpenetrating network (IPN) technology can be used to make interlaced polymer (IPN) blends, which is a method of preparing physical blends by chemical method. It is two kinds of polymer molecules in the blending system through each other, at the molecular level to force the mutual capacitance and molecular synergistic effect of a kind of improving compatibility blend of a more effective method.

 

 
（4）引入聚合物组分间相互作用基团
(4) the interaction groups of polymer components are introduced

 
聚合物组分中引入离子基团或离子—偶极官能团的相互作用，使聚合物分子键之间形成具有较好的相容性。在聚合物组分之间引入氢键或离子键，或促使分子链上原有的酸性或碱性基团相互作用，共混时产生质子转移，从而实现相容作用。
The interaction of ionic groups or ion-dipole groups in the polymer components makes polymer molecular bonds better compatible. The introduction of hydrogen or ionic bonds between polymer components, or the interaction of the original acidic or alkaline groups on the molecular chain, resulting in the transfer of protons in total mixing, thus achieving a compatible effect.

 
例如：PMMA/PVA共混，由于分子链之间可以形成氢键，所以具有良好的相容性；又如：PS中引入5%mol的—SO3H基团，同时将丙烯酸乙酯与5%mol的乙烯吡啶共聚，然后将二者共混，即可制得稳定性能优异的共混材料。
For example, PMMA/PVA is mixed, because hydrogen bonding can be formed between molecular chains, so it has good compatibility. In addition, 5 % of the SO3H group is introduced in PS, and the ethyl acrylate is co-mingled with 5 % of vinyl pyridine, and then the two can be mixed together, which can produce a stable and excellent blend material.

 

 
（5）改变分子链结构
(5) change the molecular chain structure

 
PS是极性较弱的聚合物，与其他聚合物相容比较困难。但是苯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物—SAN，由于改变了分子中链结构，可与许多聚合物混容，如能与PC、PVC、PSF等树脂共混相容。非极性的聚丁二烯与聚氯乙烯很难相容，但丁二烯与丙烯腈的共聚物与聚氯乙烯却具有很好的相容性。
PS is a relatively weak polymer, which is difficult to be compatible with other polymers. However, styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer - SAN, because of changing the chain structure in the molecule, can be mixed with many polymers, such as can be compatible with PC, PVC, PSF and other resins. Non-polar polybutadiene is difficult to be compatible with polyvinyl chloride, but the copolymer and polyvinyl chloride of butadiene and acrylonitrile are very compatible.

 
PE与PVC也难于相容，但乙烯与醋酸乙烯的共聚物EVA却能与PVC相容性很好。乙烯与丙烯酸的共聚物可与PA组成相容体系，而PE与PA则不能相容。所以说，通过共聚的方法改变聚合物的分子链结构，增加聚合物之间的相容性是一种比较有效的办法。
PE and PVC are also difficult to be compatible, but the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate can be compatible with PVC. Ethylene and acrylic copolymer can be compatible with PA, while PE and PA are incompatible. Therefore, it is a more effective method to change the molecular chain structure of polymer through copolymerization and increase the compatibility between polymers.

 

 

 
3、聚合物的相容性与相容剂
3. Compatibility and compatibility of polymers

 
对于聚合物共混体系来说，大多数属于部分相容体系，如果共混组分之间缺乏足够的黏结强度，使应力和应变不能有效地在两相间传递和分散，则共混体系的性能很差。因此，解决聚合物共混体系的相容性，需引入相容剂技术。
For polymer blending system, most belong to the partial compatible system, if the lack of adequate bond strength between blending component, which stress and strain cannot be effectively and dispersed in two phases, the blend system performance is very poor. Therefore, compatibilizer technology is needed to solve the compatibility of polymer blends.

 

 
（1）相容剂的选择
(1) selection of compatibilizer

 
相容剂是两种共混聚合物的单体共聚而成的嵌段共聚物，或接枝共聚物，或者含有与共混组分起化学反应的官能团，能分布在两种或两种以上共混聚合物界面之间的共聚物，其作用是降低界面张力，阻止分散相凝聚，稳定已形成的相形态结构，以增加两种或两种以上聚合物的相容性。
Compatilizer are two blending polymer monomer copolymerization of block copolymer, or graft copolymer, or contains reacts and mixed composition of functional groups, can be distributed in two or more polymer blend interface between copolymer, its function is to reduce the interfacial tension, prevent condensation of dispersed phase, the phase morphology of stability has formed, in order to increase the compatibility of two or more than two kinds of polymers.

 
相容剂的相对分子质量应与相应的共混物相对分子质量相匹配，并具有良好的相容性。一般来说，二嵌段共聚物的相容性优于三嵌段共聚物的相容性。例如PE/PP共混物的力学强度低，若在PE/PP的共混物中加入4%～8%的PE与PP嵌段共聚物（PE-b-PP）作为相容剂，其力学强度可以大幅度提高。又如SEBS可以作为PE/PS、PP/PS、PET/PE共混体系的相容剂。
The relative molecular weight of the compatibilizer should match the relative molecular mass of the corresponding blends and have good compatibility. Generally speaking, the compatibility of two block copolymer is better than the compatibility of three block copolymer. For example, the mechanical strength of PE/PP blends is low, and the mechanical strength of PE/PP blend (PE/PP) as a compatibilizer can be greatly improved if the PE/PP blends are added between 4 % ~ 8 % and PP - block copolymer (PE - b-pp). Such as SEBS can be used as a compatibilizer for PE/PS, PP/PS, PET/PE blends.

 

 
（2）相容剂的作用
(2) the role of compatibilizer

 
相容剂的作用与偶联剂的功能相似，可增加共混体系的均匀性，减少相分离，改善聚合物共混物的综合性能，从而达到聚合物与聚合物相容目的。相容剂基本上有反应型和非反应型两种。
Compatilizer role similar to the function of the coupling agent, can increase the uniformity of blending system, reduce the phase separation, improve the comprehensive performance of the polymer blend polymer and polymer compatibility and to achieve. The compatibilizer basically has both reactive and non-reactive types.

 
非反应型相容剂的效果主要是通过以下作用实现：
The effect of non-reactive compatibilizers is achieved through the following functions:

 
①作为第三组分加入共混体系，以实现降低两相之间界面能。
As a third component, a blending system is used to reduce the interface between the two phases.

 
②促进相的更好分散，并阻止分散相的再凝聚。
Promote the better dispersion of phase and prevent the recondensation of dispersed phase.

 
③增加相区的黏合作用。
Increases the bonding effect of the phase region.

 
反应型相容剂主要是借助于分子中的反应性基团，与共混体系内两组分聚合物发生化学反应，可以与共混组分形成化学键或氢键。通过化学链实现相容目的，也称为化学相容。反应型相容剂尤其适用于那些相容性很差并且含有易反应官能团的聚合物之间的共混相容。
The reaction type compatibilizer is mainly based on the reactive groups in the molecule, and the chemical reaction of the two components in the mixed system can be formed with the co-mixing components to form chemical bonds or hydrogen bonds. The chemical chain is also known as chemical compatibility. Reactive compatibilizers are particularly suited to the compatibility of polymers that are poorly compatible and contain a reactive functional group.

 
相容剂的加入不仅可以获得理想的海—岛或海—海形态结构，而且还可以根据需要获得分散相层化结构、分散相纤维化结构以及互穿网络结构等。例如：ABS、PS、PP、PVC等疏水性树脂与亲水性树脂PEO在共混过程中，形成PEO层状分散相，从而使共混物具有永久抗静电性能；在PA/HDPE共混体系中使用PE-g-MAH相容剂，可使分散相PA在共混体系中呈片状分布，促使共混材料具有良好的阻隔性。
The addition of compatibilizer can not only obtain ideal sea - island or sea - morphological structures, and can also according to the need for dispersed phase layer structure, the structure of the dispersed phase fibrosis and interpenetrating network structure, etc. For example: ABS, PS, PP, PVC and other hydrophobic resin and hydrophilic resin PEO form a PEO layer dispersed phase in the process of blending, thus making the blending have permanent antistatic property; PE - g-mah compatibilizer is used in PA/HDPE blend system, and the dispersed phase PA can be distributed in the total mixing system, so that the co-mixing material has good barrier properties.