相容剂概述
Compatibilizer overview

 
相容剂又称增容剂，是指借助于分子间的键合力，促使不相容的两种聚合物结合在一体，进而得到稳定的共混物的助剂，这里是指高分子增容剂。
Compatilizer, also known as compatibilizers, refers to the help of the intermolecular bonding force, prompting two incompatible polymer in a body, and then get the stable blend fertilizer, here refers to the polymeric compatibilizer.

 

 
PE-g-ST、PP-g-ST、ABS-g-MAH、PE-g-MAH、PP-g-MAH等，应用在塑料改性中，得到性能很好的共混性材料。
PE - g-st, pp-g - ST, ABS - g - MAH, PE - g-mah, PP - g-mah, etc., are used in plastic modification to get a good blend of properties.

 

 
目前比较好的相容剂通常以马来酸酐接枝，马来酸酐单体和其它单体比较极性比较强，相容效果比较好。
At present, the good compatibilizers are usually grafted with maleic anhydride, the maleic anhydride monomer and other monomer are more polarizable, and the compatibility effect is better.

 

 
马来酸酐接枝相容剂通过引入强极性反应性基团，使材料具有高的极性和反应性，是一种高分子界面偶联剂、相容剂、分散促进剂。主要用于无卤阻燃、填充、玻纤增强、增韧，金属粘结、合金相容等，能大大提高复合材料的相容性和填料的分散性，从而提高复合材料机械强度。
Maleic anhydride grafting compatibilizer is a polymer interface coupling agent, compatibilizer and dispersible promoter by introducing a strong polarity reactive group. Mainly used for halogen-free flame retardant, filling, glass fiber reinforced, toughening, metal bonding, alloy compatibility, etc., can greatly improve the dispersion of the compatibility of composite materials and packing, thus improve the mechanical strength composite material.

 

 
马来酸酐接枝相容剂可改善无机填料与有机树脂相容性，提高产品的拉伸、冲击强度，实现高填充，减少树脂用量，改善加工流变性，提高表面光洁度。
Maleic anhydride grafted compatilizer inorganic filler can improve compatibility with organic resin, improve the product of tensile and impact strength, high filling, reduce the dosage of resin, improve the processing rheological property, improve the surface finish.
相容剂的作用
The function of the compatibilizer

 
增加两种聚合物的相容性，使之两种聚合物间粘接力增大，形成稳定的结构，使分散相和连续相均匀，即相容化。相容剂之所以能使两种性质不同的聚合物相容化，是因为在其分子中具有分别能与两种聚合物进行物理或化学结合的基团的缘故。
The compatibility of two polymers is added, and the adhesion of the two polymers is increased to form a stable structure, so that the dispersed phase and the continuous phase are homogeneous, namely, compatibilization. The compatibilizer can be compatible with polymers of two different properties because of the group of groups that can combine physical or chemical combinations with two polymers.
相容剂的性能
The performance of the compatibilizer

 
所谓相容剂在热力学本质上可以理解为界面活性剂，但在高分子合金体系中使用的相容剂一般具有较高的分子量，在不相容的高分子体系中添加相容剂并在一定温度下经混合混炼后，相容剂将被局限在两种高分子之间的界面上，起到降低界面张力、增加界面层厚度、降低分散粒子尺寸的作用，使体系最终形成具有宏观均匀微观相分离特征的热力学稳定的相态结构。
So-called compatilizer on the thermodynamic essence can be understood as a surfactant, but used in polymer alloy system compatilizer generally have high molecular weight, in adding compatilizer and incompatible polymer system under a certain temperature after mixing mixing, compatilizer will be limited on the interface between the two kinds of polymer, it could reduce the interfacial tension, increase the interface layer thickness, reduce the effect of dispersed particle size, make the system eventually form macroscopic homogeneous phase structure of micro phase separation characteristics of thermodynamic stability.
相容剂的分类
Classification of compatibilizers

 
由于相容剂对高分子合金体系的混合性和稳定性会产生重要的影响，因此，相容剂的合理选择和使用对高分子合金技术的实现是至关重要的。根据相容剂的基体高分子之间的作用特征，相容剂可分为两类，即非反应型相容剂和反应型相容剂。
Because the compatilizer mixed and stability of the polymer alloy system will produce important influence, therefore, selection of proper compatilizer and the realization of the use of polymer alloy technology is critical. According to the functional characteristics of the base polymer of the compatibilizer, the compatibilizer can be divided into two categories, namely, non-reactive compatibilizers and reactive compatibilizers.
01.非反应型相容剂
01. Non-reactive compatibilizers

 
非反应型相容剂是目前比较通用相容剂。在不相容的高分子体系中通过添加非反应型相容剂而实现相容化的方法，在高分子合金技术中是最常见的。非反应型相容剂一般为共聚物，可以是嵌段共聚物，也可以是接枝共聚物或无规共聚物。
Nonreactive compatibilizer is currently a universal compatibilizer. The method of compatibilization by adding nonreactive compatibilizers in the incompatible polymer system is the most common in polymer alloy technology. Non-reactive compatibilizers are generally copolymer, can be block copolymer, can be graft copolymer or random copolymer.
02.反应型相容剂
02. Reactive compatibilizer

 
反应型相容剂是一种同非极性高分子主链Pc及活性基团(如羟基、环氧基组成，多为无规的)组成的聚合物。由于它的非极性高分子主体能与共混物中的非极性聚合物相容，而极性基团又能与共混物的极性聚合物的活性基团反应或键合，故能起到很好的相容作用。
The reaction type compatibilizer is a polymer with non-polar polymer main chain Pc and active groups (such as hydroxyl group and epoxy group). Because it can nonpolar polymer main body and the mixing of non-polar polymer compatibility, and polar groups and the polar polymer reactive responses from mixing or bond, so it can have very good compatibility.

 

 
一般是大分子型的，其活性官能团可以在分子的末端，也可以在分子的侧链上，其大分子主链可以和共混体系中的至少一种高分子基体相同，也可以不同，但在不同的情况下，其大分子主链应和共混体系中的至少一种高分子基体有较好的相容性。
Are typically large molecules, the active functional group may, at the end of the molecule can also be on the side chain molecules, can the macromolecular main chain and blending system of at least one polymer matrix, the same can also be different, but in different circumstances, the macromolecular main chain should blend system of at least one polymer matrix have good compatibility.
相容剂的分类与品种
Classification and variety of compatibilizers
01.环装酸酐型（MAH）
01. Annular acid anhydride (MAH)

 
环状酸酐型类反应型相容剂是目前最常用的一类反应型相容剂。其中，以马来酸酐接枝到聚烯烃上的马来酸酐相容剂为主，其接枝率一般为0.8%-1.0%，主要应用于聚烯烃塑料的改性。将马来酸酐接枝到PS或以PS为基体的二元或多元共聚反应型相容剂，可应用于PA/PC、ABS/GF、PA/ABS的改性、共混或合金。一般用量5%-8%。
Cyclic acid anhydride type reaction type compatibilizer is the most commonly used type of reactive compatibilizer. In this paper, maleic anhydride (maleic anhydride) is mainly applied to polyolefin plastics, which is mainly used in the modification of polyolefin plastics. The modification, blending or alloy of PA/PC, ABS/GF, PA/ABS can be applied to the application of maleic anhydride grafting to PS or PPS as substrate binary or multivariate copolymers. The average dosage is 5-8%.

 

 
但此类相容剂可能会降低塑料合金的热变形温度，易使共混组分产生一结不需要的交联和降解，使反应不再能被控制。主要应用于PP/PA6、PP/PA66等合金或共混。一般用量为5%-8%。
However, such compatibilizer may reduce the thermal deformation temperature of plastic alloy and make the co-mixing components produce a non-needed crosslinking and degradation, so that the reaction can no longer be controlled. It is mainly used in PP/PA6, PP/PA66 and other alloys or blends. The usual dosage is 5 % - 8 %.
02.羧酸型
02. Carboxylic acid type

 
羧酸类中的代表产品为丙烯酸型相容剂。通常是将丙烯酸接枝到聚烯烃树脂上，用途大体与马来酸酐型相同。
The representative products of carboxylic acids are acrylic compatibilizers. It is usually the same as maleic anhydride with acrylic grafting on polyolefin resin.
03.环氧型
Epoxy type 03.

 
环氧型反应型相容剂是环氧树脂或具有环氧基的化合物与其他聚合物接枝共聚而成。这类反应型能起到良好的相容作用。
Epoxy-type compatibilizer is epoxy resin or epoxy - based compound and other polymer graft copolymerization. These types of reactions can be very compatible.
04.恶唑啉型
Oxazoline type

 
用恶唑啉接枝的PS,即RPS,是一种比较重要的相容剂,接枝率为1%,特点是应用领域较广,不仅能与一般的含氨基或羧基的聚合物反应,还可与含羰基、酸酐、环氧基团反应，生成接枝共聚物。因此，它可以用于PS及多种工程塑料或经改性的聚烯烃树脂。此外，它还可以"就地"相容化，直接用于塑料改性、共混和合金。
With oxazoline grafted PS, namely the RPS, is one of the more important of compatilizer, grafting rate was 1%, the characteristic is has a wide application field, not only with general polymer containing amino and carboxyl reaction, also can react with carbonyl, acid anhydride and epoxy groups, the graft copolymer. Therefore, it can be used for PS and various engineering plastics or modified polyolefins resin. In addition, it can be "locally" compatible and is directly used for plastic modification, blending and alloys.
05.酰亚胺型
Imide type

 
酰亚胺型为改性聚丙烯酸酯、主要适用于PA/PO、PC/PO、PA/PC等工程塑料合金或共混。
The imide type is modified polyacrylate, which is mainly used in the plastic alloys or blends of PA/PO, PC/PO, PA/PC, etc.
06.异氰酸酯型
isocyanates

 
其成分为间-异丙烯基-2，2-二甲基苯酰异氰酸酯。可用于含有氨基及羧基的工程塑料合金。
It is divided into iso-propylene - 2, 2-dimethylbenzoyl isocyanate. It can be used in engineering plastic alloys containing amino and carboxyl groups.
07.低分子型
Low molecular type

 
低分子型相容剂是反应型相容剂，以反应型单体及低分子量聚合物，包括一些能与塑料合成的一个组分相容，并与另一组分反应、交联或键合，从而形成塑料合金的有机和无机化合物。这样，不仅简化了制造塑料合金的过程，而且原料易得，成本较低。不过，对挤出机的要求较高，采用混炼型挤出机，是生产低分子相容剂的重要关键。
Low molecular type compatibilizer is reactive compatibilizer, reactive monomer and low molecular weight polymer, including some with a plastic synthetic components compatibility, and react with the other components, crosslinking or bonding, forming a plastic alloy of organic and inorganic compounds. In this way, it not only simplifies the process of making plastic alloy, but also the raw material is easy to make and the cost is low. However, the requirement of extruder is higher, and the use of hybrid extruder is an important key to the production of low molecular compatibilizer.
相容剂的应用
Application of compatibilizer
01.应用于塑料合金
01. Applied to plastic alloy

 
相容剂的出现主要是为高分子材料合金技术服务的。所谓高分子合金，即由两种或两种以上具有不同性质的高分子材料经共混并采用相应的相容化技术而得到的多相多组分体系。而这样的高分子合金、共混、改性的重要关键材料就是相容剂。相容剂对合金技术的微观相态结构起到很好的调整和控制作用，而使共混材料实现高性能化和功能化的效果。相容剂广泛应用于PP/PE、PP/PA、PA/PS、PA/ABS、ABS/PC、PBT/PA、PET/PA、PP/POE、PE/EPDM、TPE/PU等合金。
The presence of compatibilizer is mainly served for polymer alloy technology. Macromolecule alloy, which is a polyphase multi-component system obtained by mixing and mixing of two or more polymer materials with different properties. The important material of polymer alloy, blend and modification is the compatibilizer. The microstructure of the alloy technology is adjusted and controlled by the compatibilizer, which results in high efficiency and functionalization of blends. Compatible agents are widely used in PP/PE, PP/PA, PA/PS, PA/ABS, ABS/PC, PBT/PA, PET/PA, PP/POE, PE/EPDM, TPE/PU and other alloys.
02.应用于聚合物的改性
02. Modification of polymer

 
由于相容剂是以活跃自由基分子羧基掺入非极性与极性聚合物之间起"桥梁"作用，将其改性成为极性的改性聚合物，再使其与极性的聚合物共混，两者之间进行反应而制得良好的改性共混效果。
Because the compatilizer mix active radicals carboxyl of nonpolar and polar polymer plays a role of "bridge" between the modified become the polarity of the modified polymer, again with the polarity of polymer blends, were made by reaction between good modified blending effect.
03.应用在回收废旧塑料
3. Application in recycling waste plastics

 
利用相容剂回收废旧塑料，使之成为新的塑料合金或新的改性塑料，是"废物综合利用"比较好的可行办法，并可解决"白色污染"问题，具有很大的社会效益和企业经济效益。在国外已有很多先例，如荷兰国家矿业公司生产的BENNET相容剂，就是用于回收废旧塑料再生的专用相容剂，可以把两种或多种不同品种、不同性质的旧塑料，如聚烯烃塑料与工程塑料的边角料的共混再生，添加5%-10%相容剂作为海相或岛相之间的界面层，发挥相容剂的键合力极性相容基团效率，而制备成为一种新的塑料合金或改性塑料。
Using the compatilizer recycling waste plastic, make it become the new plastic alloy or new modified plastics, is "comprehensive utilization of waste" feasible methods better, and can solve the problem of "white pollution", has great social benefit and enterprise economic benefits. Abroad for many precedents, such as the Dutch national mining company produces the BENNET compatilizer, is a special compatibilizer for recycling waste plastic recycling, can put two or more different varieties and different nature of the old plastic, such as polyolefin plastics and engineering plastics of leftover material blending regeneration, adding 5% 10% compatilizer as interface layer between the Marine facies or island, play efficiency of compatilizer bonding force polarity compatibility groups, and become a new kind of plastic alloy preparation or modification of plastics.
04.应用于塑料与填料的偶联
04. Applied to plastic and filler coupling

 
相容剂又称大分子偶联剂。由于具有高分子部分与高分子聚合物相容，因此，相容剂对聚合物与填料之间的偶联效率优异，可用于PE/CaCO3、PE/滑石粉、PA/GF、PRT/GT等偶联处理，效果良好。
The compatibilizer is also a large molecular coupling agent. Part because of the high polymer compatibility with polymer, as a result, compatilizer on the coupling efficiency between the polymer and filler is excellent, can be used for PE, PA/GF/CaCO3, PE/talc powder, PRT/GT coupling process, the result is good.
05.应用于极性树脂的增韧
05. Applied to the toughening of polar resins

 
热塑性弹性体，具有良好的柔软性、高弹性和低温性能，添加一定量的相容剂可以作为PP、PE、PS、PA、PC等塑料的增韧剂。而相容剂正是这些增韧剂的最关键性的"核"、"壳"相容作用。如EPDM接枝MAH增韧剂，可在-45℃的温度下，保持优良的物理性能和坚韧性能。一般用量5%-10%。
Thermoplastic elastomer has good flexibility, high elasticity and low temperature performance, and the addition of a certain amount of compatibilizer can be used as a toughening agent for PP, PE, PS, PA, PC and other plastics. The compatibilizer is the most critical "kernel" and "shell" of these toughening agents. Such as EPDM grafting MAH toughening agent, can be in - 45 ℃ temperature, keep the excellent physical properties and strong performance. The usual dosage is 5-10%.
06.应用于改善塑料的性能
06. Applied to improve the performance of plastic

 
相容剂还可用于改善塑料的粘接性和改善塑料的抗静电、印刷性、光泽性等的表面性能。
Compatibilizer can also be used to improve the adhesiveness of plastics and improve the surface performance of plastic, such as antistatic, printing and gloss.
应用范围
Application range

 
(1) 氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、滑石粉、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、木粉、云母、钛白粉、色粉、玻纤、尼龙等填充。
(1) aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, talcum powder, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, wood powder, mica, titanium white powder, color powder, glass fiber, nylon and other filling.

 
(2) PET、PBT、PA增韧剂。
(2) PET, PBT and PA.

 
(3) PP/PA、PC/ABS、PC/PBT、ABS/PBT、PS/PBT合金相容剂
(3) PP/PA, PC/ABS, PC/PBT, ABS/PBT, PS/PBT alloy compatibilizer

 
ST-1 用于PA、PET、PBT等及其合金材料的相容剂与增韧剂。
ST - 1 is used for the compatibility and toughening agent of PA, PET, PBT and other alloys.

 
ST-2 用于PE、PP及其改性材料的相容剂与增韧剂。
ST - 2 is used for the compatibility and toughening agent of PE, PP and its modified materials.

 
ST-3 用于聚烯烃低烟无卤阻燃电缆料相容剂，提高拉伸强度和伸长率，增加无机物的添加量。
St-3 is used for polyolefin low smoke halogen free flame retardant cable material compatibilizer, improves tensile strength and elongation, and increases the addition of inorganic materials.

 
ST-4 用于PS/PP 、ABS/PC、ABS/PA、PS/PE等合金改性，提高产品的韧性、相容性等综合性能。
St-4 is used in the modification of PS/PP, ABS/PC, ABS/PA, PS/PE, etc., to improve the product's toughness, compatibility and other comprehensive properties.

 
ST-5用于聚丙烯填充母料、色母料、阻燃母料、降解母料。
The ST - 5 is used for polypropylene filling mother material, color masterbatch, flame retardant parent material, degradation mother material.

 
ST-6用于聚乙烯塑木、填充母料、色母料、阻燃母料、铝塑复合、铁塑复合、聚烯烃/尼龙体系的相容
St-6 is used for the compatibility of polyethylene plastic wood, filling mother material, color masterbatch, flame retardant mother material, aluminum plastic compound, iron plastic compound, polyolefin/nylon system

 
ST-7用于低烟无卤阻燃电缆料、聚乙烯填充母料、色母料、阻燃母料、铝塑复合聚乙烯膜、丝。
ST - 7 is used for low smoke and halogen flame retardant cable material, polyethylene filling mother material, color masterbatch, flame retardant parent material, aluminum plastic compound polyethylene film, silk.

 
ST-8 用于AS/PP、ABS/PC、ABS/PE、ABS/PA、ABS/PET合金相容化。
The ST - 8 is compatible with AS/PP, ABS/PC, ABS/PE, ABS/PA, ABS/PET alloy.

 
ST-9 用于阻燃、增强类ABS/PA 、PC/ABS、ABS/PP合金相容剂
St-9 is used for flame retardant, enhanced ABS/PA, PC/ABS, ABS/PP compatibilizer