一、增韧剂作用机理
1. Action mechanism of toughening agent
物理共混协同增韧，两相形成海岛结构达到增韧的目的。常见如下：
With the toughening of physical blending, the two phase island structure can be toughened. It is common as follows:
(1) 带环氧官能团型增韧剂增韧机理：环氧基团开环后与聚合物端羟基、羧基或胺基发生加成反应；
(1) the toughening mechanism of the epoxy functional group toughening agent: the addition reaction of the epoxy group to the hydroxyl, carboxyl or amine groups of the polymer after the opening of the epoxy group;
(2) 核壳型增韧机理：外层官能团与组分充分相容，橡胶起到增韧效果；
(2) the toughening mechanism of the core shell type: the outer functional group is fully compatible with the component, and the rubber has the toughening effect.
(3)离聚体型增韧机理：借助金属离子与高分子链的羧酸根之间的络合作用形成物理交联网络，从而起到增韧的作用。
(3) the toughening mechanism of ionomer: by means of the complexation between metal ions and carboxylic acids of polymer chains, the physical crosslinking network is formed, thereby playing a toughening role.
二、增韧剂分类
Two. Classification of toughening agent
1．按照增韧剂自身性能分类
1. classification according to the self properties of toughening agent
①  橡胶弹性体增韧：EPR（二元乙丙）、EPDM（三元乙丙）、顺丁橡胶（BR）、天然橡胶（NR）、异丁烯橡胶（IBR）、丁腈橡胶（NBR）等；适用于所用塑料树脂的增韧改性；
The rubber elastomer toughening: EPR (two yuan), EPDM (three yuan), butadiene rubber (BR), natural rubber (NR), butyl rubber (IBR), nitrile rubber (NBR); suitable for use of the modified resin toughened plastics;
②  热塑性弹性体增韧：SBS、SEBS、POE、TPO、TPV等；多用于聚烯烃或非极性树脂增韧，用于聚酯类、聚酰胺类等含有极性官能团的聚合物增韧时需加入相容剂；
Toughening thermoplastic elastomers: SBS, SEBS, POE, TPO, TPV and so on. It is used for toughening polyolefin or non-polar resin, used for polymers containing polar functional groups such as polyester and polyamide, and compatibilizer is needed when toughening.
③  核-壳共聚物及反应型三元共聚物增韧：ACR（丙烯酸酯类）、MBS（丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物）、PTW（乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯—甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物）、E-MA-GMA（乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯—甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物）等；多用于工程塑料以及耐高温高分子合金增韧
The core-shell copolymer and reactive three copolymer toughening: ACR (acrylic), MBS (Methyl Methacrylate Butadiene Styrene Copolymer (PTW), ethylene butyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (E-MA-GMA), ethylene methyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate copolymer); used for high temperature resistant engineering plastics and polymer blends
④  高韧性塑料共混增韧：PP/PA、PP/ABS、PA/ABS、HIPS/PPO、PPS/PA、PC/ABS、PC/PBT等；高分子合金技术是制备高韧性工程塑料的重要途径；
4. High toughness plastics blend toughening: PP/PA, PP/ABS, PA/ABS, HIPS/PPO, PPS/PA, PC/ABS, PC/PBT, etc. polymer alloy technology is an important way to prepare high toughness engineering plastics.
⑤  其它方式增韧：纳米粒子增韧（如纳米CaCO3）、沙林树脂（杜邦金属离聚物）增韧等；
Toughening in other ways: toughening nanoparticles (such as nanoscale CaCO3), and toughening of sarin resin (DuPont metal ionomer);
2.  根据实际工业生产应用分类
2. according to the actual industrial production application classification
①  用于合成树脂本身韧性不足，需要提高韧性以满足使用需求的，如GPPS、均聚PP等；
(1) the toughness of the synthetic resin is insufficient and the toughness needs to be improved to meet the requirements of use, such as GPPS, PP and so on.
②  用于需要大幅度提高塑料的韧性，实现超韧化、低温环境长期使用的要求，如超韧尼龙；
It is used to greatly improve the toughness of plastic, to achieve the requirements of super toughening and low temperature environment for long term use, such as super toughened Niron.
③  用于对树脂进行了填充、阻燃等改性后引起了材料的性能下降的情况
The properties of the materials were reduced by filling and flame retardancy of the resin.
三、塑料增韧剂效果影响因素
Three, influencing factors of the effect of plastic toughening agent
①  弹性粒子间距影响：弹性体力子间距存在一个临界值。只有当分散相的弹性体粒子之间间距小于临界值时，增韧效果才会出现；
(1) the effect of the distance between elastic particles: there is a critical value of the space between the elastic bodies. The toughening effect will only occur when the distance between the particles of the dispersed phase is less than the critical value.
②  弹性体含量的影响：如1所述，弹性体粒子之间间距需要小于临界值，只有当弹性体达到一定量之后，才有可能分散之后，间距小于临界值；
2. The influence of elastomer content: for example, 1, the distance between elastic particles is less than the critical value. Only when the elastomer reaches a certain amount, it is possible to disperse, and the distance between the particles is less than the critical value.
③  弹性体粒径的影响：在达到弹性体粒子间距临界值时，在一定量的前提下，弹性体粒径越小，增韧效果越好；
The effect of the particle size of the elastomer: when the critical value of the space between the elastomers is reached, the smaller the size of the elastomer, the better the toughening effect is.
④  弹性体Tg的影响：弹性体的Tg越低，柔性越好，塑料增韧性效果越好；
(4) the effect of elastomer Tg: the lower the Tg of the elastomer, the better the flexibility, the better the toughening effect of the plastic.
⑤  弹性体与树脂相容性影响：相容性太差，粘合力不好，增韧性不佳；相容性太好，有可能形成均相，增韧效果也不好；
Compatibility of elastomers and resins: poor compatibility, poor adhesion, poor toughness, good compatibility, homogeneous formation and tough toughening effect.
⑥  弹性体交联度的影响：交联度过高，弹性体模量过高，不利于增韧效果；交联度过低，弹性体加工过程中易破碎，也不利于增韧。
The effect of elastomer crosslinking degree: high crosslinking degree, modulus of elastic body is too high, is not conducive to the toughening effect; low crosslinking degree, elastic body processing is easily broken, is not conducive to toughening.
四、增韧剂常见添加比列
Four, add the proportion of common toughening agent
PS塑料5-8%；
PS plastic 5-8%;
HIPS塑料3-10%;
HIPS plastic 3-10%;
PBT塑料6-12%;
PBT plastic 6-12%;
PP塑料5-10%;
PP plastic 5-10%;
PE塑料4-8%;
PE plastic 4-8%;
POM塑料4-7%;
POM plastic 4-7%;
PET塑料5-10%;
PET plastic 5-10%;
ABS塑料7-13%;
ABS plastic 7-13%;
AS塑料5-11%
AS plastic 5-11%
五、增韧剂使用注意事项
Five. Precautions for the use of toughening agents
可与塑料混合抽粒，直接添加成型等多种加工方式。增韧剂与塑料混合在不影响塑料本身物性的前提下提高它的抗冲击强度，韧性，拉伸强度，耐曲折性，抗寒性，缓解热胀冷缩，降低成本。根据客户的要求添加。可根据客户的需求定做各种性能比/价格比的增韧剂。
It can be mixed with plastic, and can be directly added to a variety of processing methods. The mixture of toughening agent and plastics can improve its impact strength, toughness, tensile strength, tortuosity, cold resistance, relieve thermal expansion, shrink and reduce cost without affecting the physical properties of plastics. Add to the customer's request. A variety of toughening agents for performance ratio / price ratio can be customized according to customer's needs.
增韧剂仓储保存：请避免受潮、受污染、直接光晒，请远离火源（备注：一般不需要烘烤水份，如有需要建议60~70℃烘料2小时）。请在6个月有效期内使用效果最佳。
Toughening agent storage: please avoid moisture, pollution and direct sunlight. Please keep away from fire sources (Note: generally do not need to bake water, if necessary, recommend drying at 60~70 C for 2 hours). Please use the best effect during the 6 month validity period.
增韧剂优质供应商：
Toughening agent quality supplier:
雅宝、杜邦、GE、陶氏
DuPont, DuPont, GE, Dow
下面我们以杜邦PTW增韧剂作为例子来说明增韧剂的增韧效果：
Here we use DuPont PTW toughening agent as an example to illustrate toughening effect of toughening agent:
综上，塑料增韧无论对于结晶性塑料还是无定形塑料同等重要，而从通用塑料、工程塑料到特种工程塑料其耐热性逐渐提高，成本价格也不断攀升，这样就对增韧剂的耐热性、耐老化性等提出了更高的要求，同时也是对塑料改性增韧技术一次大的考验，而最重要的也是最关键的一条就是和基体及组分保持良好的相容性！
In summary, both for the plastic toughening plastic crystalline or amorphous plastics are equally important, its heat resistance increased gradually to special engineering plastics from general plastics and engineering plastics, the cost is also rising, so that the toughening heat resistance, aging resistance and put forward higher requirements, but also for plastics of toughening technology a big challenge, but the most important is the most important one is the matrix and component and maintain good compatibility!