塑料改性已日渐成为塑料加工常用的方法。为了使两种不相干的塑料很好的融在一起，常常需要借助一种助剂——相容剂，要求这种助剂能与两种原料都有很好的相容性。从结构方面而言，是指借助于分子间的键合力，促使不相容的两种聚合物结合为一体，进而得到稳定的共混物。
Plastic modification has increasingly become a common method for plastic processing. In order to melt the two irrelevant plastics well, it is often necessary to use an assistant compatibilizer, which requires that the auxiliaries can have good compatibility with two kinds of raw materials. In terms of structure, it refers to the combination of two kinds of incompatible polymers by the bonding force between the molecules, and then the stable blends are obtained.
由上可见，相容剂的作用是十分明显的！
It is visible from the above that the effect of the compatibilizer is very obvious!
一、
A,
相容剂的种类
Type of compatibilizer
分类图示
Classification diagram
非反应型增溶剂
Nonreactive solubilizing agent
非反应型相容剂是目前比较通用相容剂。在不相容的高分子体系中通过添加非反应型相容剂而实现相容化的方法，在高分子合金技术中是最常见的。非反应型相容剂一般为共聚物，可以是嵌段共聚物，也可以是接枝共聚物或无规共聚物。
Non reactive compatibilizer is a common compatibilizer at present. The most common method in polymer alloy technology is to achieve compatibility by adding nonreactive compatibilizer in incompatible polymer systems. The non reactive compatibilizer is generally a copolymer, which can be a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer or a random copolymer.
反应型相容剂
Reactive compatibilizer
反应型相容剂是一种同非极性高分子主链Pc及活性基团（如羟基、环氧基组成，多为无规的）组成的聚合物。
The reactive compatibilizer is a polymer that is composed of the main chain Pc and the active group (such as hydroxyl, epoxy group and more random).
低分子型相容剂
Low molecular type compatibilizer
低分子型相容剂是反应型相容剂，以反应型单体及低分子量聚合物，包括一些能与塑料合成的一个组分相容，并与另一组分反应、交联或键合，从而形成塑料合金的有机和无机化合物。
Low molecular compatibilizer is a reactive compatibilizer. It is compatible with reactive monomers and low molecular weight polymers, including some components that can be synthesized with plastics, and react with other components, cross-linking or bonding to form organic and inorganic compounds of plastic alloys.
名称
Name
特性
Characteristic
应用
application
环状酸酐型
Cyclic anhydride type
（MAH）
(MAH)
其中，以马来酸酐接枝到聚烯烃上的马来酸酐相容剂为主，其接枝率一般为0.8%-1.0%，主要应用于聚烯烃塑料的改性。将马来酸酐接枝到PS或以PS为基体的二元或多元共聚反应型相容剂。
Maleic anhydride compatibilizer is mainly composed of maleic anhydride grafted onto polyolefin, and its grafting rate is generally 0.8%-1.0%. It is mainly applied to the modification of polyolefin plastics. Maleic anhydride (maleic anhydride) was grafted to PS or PS based two or multiple copolymerization reacting compatibilizer.
可应用于PA/PC、ABS/GF、PA/ABS的改性、共混或合金。一般用量5%-8%。
It can be applied to the modification, blending or alloy of PA/PC, ABS/GF and PA/ABS. The general dosage is 5%-8%.
羧酸型
Carboxylic acid type
羧酸类中的代表产品为丙烯酸型相容剂。
The representative products of carboxylic acids are acrylic type compatibilizer.
通常是将丙烯酸接枝到聚烯烃树脂上，用途大体与马来酸酐型相同。
Acrylic acid is usually grafted onto polyolefin resins for the same purpose as maleic anhydride.
环氧型
Epoxy type
环氧型反应型相容剂是环氧树脂或具有环氧基的化合物与其他聚合物接枝共聚而成。
The epoxy type reactive compatibilizer is the epoxy resin or the epoxy - based compound which is graft copolymerized with other polymers.
恶唑啉型
Oxazoline type
用恶唑啉接枝的PS，即RPS，是一种比较重要的相容剂，接枝率为1%，应用领域广，不仅能与一般的含氨基或羧基的聚合物反应，还可与含羰基、酸酐、环氧基团反应，生成接枝共聚物。
Oxazoline grafted PS, RPS, is a relatively important compatibilizer. Its grafting rate is 1%, and its application area is wide. It can react with general polymers containing amino or carboxyl groups, and react with carbonyl, anhydride and epoxy groups to form graft copolymers.
可用于PS及多种工程塑料或经改性的聚烯烃树脂。它还可以“就地”相容化，直接用于塑料改性、共混和合金。
It can be used for PS and a variety of engineering plastics or modified polyolefin resins. It can also be used "in place" to be used directly for plastic modification, blending and alloy.
酰亚胺型
Imide type
酰亚胺型为改性聚丙烯酸酯。
The imide type is modified polyacrylate.
主要适用于PA/PO、PC/PO、PA/PC等工程塑料合金或共混。
It is mainly suitable for PA/PO, PC/PO, PA/PC and other engineering plastics alloys or blends.
异氰酸酯型
Isocyanate type
其成分为间-异丙烯基-2,2-二甲基苯酰异氰酸酯。
Its composition is inter - isopropyl -2,2- two methyl benzoyl isocyanate.
可用于含有氨基及羧基的工程塑料合金。
It can be used for engineering plastic alloys containing amino and carboxyl groups.
二、
Two,
如何选择合适的相容剂
How to choose the appropriate compatibilizer
相容剂是两种共混聚合物的单体共聚而成的嵌段共聚物，或接枝共聚物，或者含有与共混组分起化学反应的官能团，能分布在两种或两种以上共混聚合物界面之间的共聚物，其作用是降低界面张力，阻止分散相凝聚，稳定已形成的相形态结构，以增加两种或两种以上聚合物的相容性。
Compatibility is the copolymerization of two kinds of polymer blends and block copolymers and graft copolymers containing functional groups, or from the chemical reaction and blending, copolymer energy distribution at the interface between the two or more than two kinds of polymer blends, its role is to reduce the interfacial tension, prevent the dispersed phase condensation phase the state has formed a stable structure, in order to improve the compatibility of two or more than two kinds of polymers.
相容剂的相对分子质量应与相应的共混物相对分子质量相匹配，并具有良好的相容性。一般来说，二嵌段共聚物的相容性优于三嵌段共聚物的相容性。
The relative molecular mass of the compatibilizer should be matched with the relative molecular mass of the corresponding blends, and has good compatibility. In general, the compatibility of the two block copolymers is better than that of the three block copolymers.
例如：PE/PP共混物的力学强度低，若在PE/PP的共混物中加入4%～8%的PE与PP嵌段共聚物（PE-b-PP）作为相容剂，其力学强度可以大幅度提高。
For example, the mechanical strength of PE/PP blends is low. If the PE/PP blend is added 4% to 8% PE and PP block copolymer (PE-b-PP) is used as compatibilizer, its mechanical strength can be greatly improved.
又如SEBS可以作为PE/PS、PP/PS、PET/PE共混体系的相容剂。
For example, SEBS can be used as a compatibilizer for PE/PS, PP/PS and PET/PE blends.
三、
Three,
相容剂的常用牌号及厂家
Common brands and manufacturers of compatibilizer
马来酸酐相容剂、接枝相容剂通过引入强极性反应性基团，使材料具有高的极性和反应性，可用于阻燃、增强、增韧、填充、粘结、金属粘结、塑料改性、增韧抗冲击、塑料合金相容、工程塑料改性、PA/PE增韧粘结层、PA等增韧、ABS/PC、PBT/PC等合金相容剂。能大大提高复合材料的相容性和填料的分散性，提高产品性能。
Maleic anhydride grafting compatibilizer, by introducing strong polar reactive groups, so that the material has polarity and high reactivity, can be used for flame retardant, reinforcing and toughening, filling, bonding, metal bonding, plastic modification, toughening, anti impact plastic alloy compatibility, engineering plastic modification, toughening PA/PE bonding layer PA, ABS/PC, PBT/PC, toughening alloy compatibility agent. It can greatly improve the compatibility of the composite and the dispersity of the filler, and improve the performance of the product.
ST-1    用于PA、PET、PBT等及其合金材料的相容剂与增韧剂。
ST-1 is used as a compatibilizer and toughening agent for PA, PET, PBT, etc. and their alloy materials.
ST-2    用于PE、PP及其改性材料的相容剂与增韧剂。
ST-2 is used as a compatibilizer and toughening agent for PE, PP and its modified materials.
ST-3    用于聚烯烃低烟无卤阻燃电缆料相容剂，提高拉伸强度和伸长率，增加无机物的添加量。
ST-3 is used as a compatibilizer for polyolefin low smoke halogen free flame retardant cable material, which increases the tensile strength and elongation, and increases the amount of inorganic materials.
ST-4    用于PS/PP 、ABS/PC、ABS/PA、PS/PE等合金改性，提高产品的韧性、相容性等综合性能。
ST-4 is used for the modification of PS/PP, ABS/PC, ABS/PA, PS/PE and other alloys to improve the toughness and compatibility of the products.
ST-5    用于聚丙烯填充母料、色母料、阻燃母料、降解母料。
ST-5 is used for polypropylene filling masterbatch, color masterbatch, flame retardant masterbatch and degrading masterbatch.
ST-6    用于聚乙烯塑木、填充母料、色母料、阻燃母料、铝塑复合、铁塑复合、聚烯烃/尼龙体系的相容。
ST-6 used in polyethylene plastic wood, filling masterbatch, color masterbatch, flame retardant masterbatch, plastic composite, iron, plastic composite polyolefin / nylon system compatibility.
ST-7    用于低烟无卤阻燃电缆料、聚乙烯填充母料、色母料、阻燃母料、铝塑复合聚乙烯膜、丝。
ST-7 is used for low smoke halogen-free flame retardant cable material, polyethylene filled material, color masterbatch, flame retardant masterbatch, aluminum plastic composite polyethylene film and silk.
ST-8    用于AS/PP、ABS/PC、ABS/PE、ABS/PA、ABS/PET合金相容化。
ST-8 is used for compatibility of AS/PP, ABS/PC, ABS/PE, ABS/PA and ABS/PET alloys.
ST-9    用于阻燃、增强类ABS/PA 、PC/ABS、ABS/PP合金相容剂。
ST-9 is used as a compatibilizer for flame retardancy, enhancement of ABS/PA, PC/ABS, and ABS/PP alloy.
四、
Four,
相容剂的应用
Application of compatibilizer
应用于塑料合金
Applied to plastic alloy
相容剂的出现主要是为高分子材料合金技术服务的。所谓高分子合金，即由两种或两种以上具有不同
The appearance of the compatibilizer is mainly for the high polymer alloy technology. The so-called high polymer alloys are different from two or more than two.