塑料的加工过程是由塑料原料（树脂+添加剂）变成具有一定强度制品的过程。热塑性树脂和热固性树脂其加工过程中所发生的变化不同。
The process of plastic processing is made from plastic material (resin + additive) into a certain strength product. The changes in the processing of thermosetting resin and thermosetting resin are different.
添加剂改进塑料的加工性能主要集中在如下几个方面。
The processing performance of additives improved mainly in the following aspects.
（1）提高树脂的热分解温度
(1) improving the thermal decomposition temperature of the resin
（2）降低树脂的熔融温度
(2) reduce the melting temperature of the resin
（3）改善树脂的加工流动性
(3) improving the processing fluidity of resin
（4）改善树脂的熔体特性
(4) improve the melt properties of the resin
塑料添加剂主要有：增塑剂、润滑剂，接下来小编主要分享几种添加剂的作用机理、种类、品种。
Plastic additives mainly include: plasticizer, lubricants, the next small editor mainly to share the mechanism of several additives, types, varieties.
一、
A,
增塑剂的作用机理
The mechanism of action of plasticizer
增塑剂是指可提高聚合物塑性的一类物质，它主要用于PVC树脂，在PVC中的用量可占整个增塑剂用量的98%以上。除PVC外，增塑剂还用于PVDC、CPE、SBS、聚乙酸乙烯酯、硝酸纤维素、PA、ABS及PVA等聚合物中。
Plasticizer is a kind of material which can improve the plasticity of polymer. It is mainly used in PVC resin. The amount of the plasticizer in PVC is more than 98% of the amount of the whole plasticizer. In addition to PVC, plasticizers are also used in PVDC, CPE, SBS, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose nitrate, PA, ABS and PVA.
增塑剂的主要作用如下
The main function of the plasticizer is as follows
a、降低聚合物熔融温度及熔体粘度，从而降低其成型加工温度。
A, reduce the melting temperature of the polymer and the viscosity of the melt, thus reducing the molding temperature.
b、使聚合物制品具有柔软性、弹性及耐低温性能。
B, make the polymer products have the properties of softness, elasticity and low temperature resistance.
增塑剂的具体作用机理如下
The concrete action mechanism of the plasticizer is as follows
a、体积效应
A, volume effect
b、屏蔽效应
B, shielding effect
二
Two
润滑剂作用机理
Action mechanism of lubricants
润滑剂的作用是降低物料之间及物料和加工设备表面的磨擦力，从面降低熔体的流动阻力，降低熔体粘度，提高熔体的流动性，避免熔体与设备的粘附，提高制品表面的光洁度等。
The role of lubricants is to reduce the friction between materials and materials and the surface of the processing equipment, reduce the flow resistance of the melt from the surface, reduce the viscosity of the melt, improve the fluidity of the melt, avoid the adhesion between the melt and the equipment, and improve the surface finish of the product.
常用润滑剂品种
Common lubricant varieties
润滑剂的分类
Classification of lubricants
a、按润滑刘成分分类 主要有饱和烃、卤代烃类、脂肪酸类、脂肪酸酯类、脂肪族酰胺类、金属皂类、脂肪醇及多元醇类等。
A, according to the composition of lubricating Liu, there are mainly saturated hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, aliphatic amides, metal soap, aliphatic alcohols and polyols.
b、按润滑剂的作用分类 可分为内、外润滑剂两种，内、外润滑剂的区分主要依其与树脂的相容性大小。内润滑剂与树脂亲和力大，其作用是降低大分子间的作用力；外润滑剂与树脂的亲和力小，其作用是降低树脂与加工机械之间的磨擦。
B, according to the effect of lubricants classification can be divided into two kinds of internal and external lubricants, the internal and external lubricants are mainly based on their compatibility with the resin. The internal lubricant has great affinity with resin, and its action is to reduce the interaction between macromolecules. The affinity between the lubricant and the resin is small, and its effect is to reduce the friction between the resin and the processing machinery.
常用润滑剂品种
Common lubricant varieties
按润滑剂的组成可分为：饱各烃类、金属皂类、脂肪族酰胺、脂肪酸类、脂肪酸酯类及脂肪醇类。
According to the composition of the lubricant can be divided into: full of hydrocarbons, metal soaps, aliphatic amides, fatty acids, fatty acids and fatty alcohols.