相容剂概述
Overview of compatibilizer
相容剂又称增容剂，是指借助于分子间的键合力，促使不相容的两种聚合物结合在一体，进而得到稳定的共混物的助剂，这里是指高分子增容剂。
Compatibilizer, also known as compatibilizer, refers to the assistance of intermolecular bonding force to the incompatibility of the two polymers, so as to obtain stable additives for the blends. Here is polymer compatibilizer.
PE-g-ST、PP-g-ST、ABS-g-MAH、PE-g-MAH、PP-g-MAH等，应用在塑料改性中，得到性能很好的共混性材料。
PE-g-ST, PP-g-ST, ABS-g-MAH, PE-g-MAH, PP-g-MAH and so on are used in plastic modification to get good properties of blending materials.
目前比较好的相容剂通常以马来酸酐接枝，马来酸酐单体和其它单体比较极性比较强，相容效果比较好。
At present, the better compatibilizer is usually grafted with maleic anhydride, and the maleic anhydride monomer and other monomers have better polarity than other monomers, and the compatibility is better.
马来酸酐接枝相容剂通过引入强极性反应性基团，使材料具有高的极性和反应性，是一种高分子界面偶联剂、相容剂、分散促进剂。主要用于无卤阻燃、填充、玻纤增强、增韧，金属粘结、合金相容等，能大大提高复合材料的相容性和填料的分散性，从而提高复合材料机械强度。
Maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizer is a polymer interface coupling agent, compatibilizer and dispersant accelerator by introducing strong polar reactive groups. It is mainly used for halogen free flame retardant, filling, glass fiber reinforcement, toughening, metal bonding, alloy compatibility, etc., which can greatly improve the compatibility and filler dispersion of composites, thereby improving the mechanical strength of composites.
马来酸酐接枝相容剂可改善无机填料与有机树脂相容性，提高产品的拉伸、冲击强度，实现高填充，减少树脂用量，改善加工流变性，提高表面光洁度。
Maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizer can improve the compatibility of inorganic filler and organic resin, improve the tensile and impact strength of products, achieve high filling, reduce resin consumption, improve processing rheology and improve surface finish.
相容剂的作用
The effect of compatibilizer
增加两种聚合物的相容性，使之两种聚合物间粘接力增大，形成稳定的结构，使分散相和连续相均匀，即相容化。相容剂之所以能使两种性质不同的聚合物相容化，是因为在其分子中具有分别能与两种聚合物进行物理或化学结合的基团的缘故。
The compatibility of the two polymers is increased, so that the cohesion between the two polymers increases, forming a stable structure, making the dispersed phase and continuous phase homogeneous, that is, compatibility. Compatibilizer can make two polymers with different properties compatibilization because the molecules in their molecules can be physically or chemically combined with two polymers.
相容剂的性能
Properties of compatibilizer
所谓相容剂在热力学本质上可以理解为界面活性剂，但在高分子合金体系中使用的相容剂一般具有较高的分子量，在不相容的高分子体系中添加相容剂并在一定温度下经混合混炼后，相容剂将被局限在两种高分子之间的界面上，起到降低界面张力、增加界面层厚度、降低分散粒子尺寸的作用，使体系最终形成具有宏观均匀微观相分离特征的热力学稳定的相态结构。
The compatibilizer in the thermodynamic essence can be understood as surfactant, but the molecular weight used in polymer blend compatibilizers in general is high, add in the polymer system in incompatible and compatible agent at a certain temperature by mixing after mixing and compatibility will be limited to two kinds of polymer interface and to reduce the interfacial tension, increase the thickness of the interface layer, reduce the particle size effect, so that the system has formed the phase structure of thermodynamics macroscopic microscopic phase separation characteristics of stability.
相容剂的分类
Classification of compatibilizer
由于相容剂对高分子合金体系的混合性和稳定性会产生重要的影响，因此，相容剂的合理选择和使用对高分子合金技术的实现是至关重要的。根据相容剂的基体高分子之间的作用特征，相容剂可分为两类，即非反应型相容剂和反应型相容剂。
Because compatibilizer has an important influence on the mixing and stability of polymer alloy system, therefore, the rational selection and use of compatibilizer is very important for the realization of polymer alloy technology. The compatibilizer can be divided into two types, namely, non reactive compatibilizer and reactive compatibilizer, according to the characteristics between the matrix polymers of the compatibilizer.
01.非反应型相容剂
1 non reactive compatibilizer
非反应型相容剂是目前比较通用相容剂。在不相容的高分子体系中通过添加非反应型相容剂而实现相容化的方法，在高分子合金技术中是最常见的。非反应型相容剂一般为共聚物，可以是嵌段共聚物，也可以是接枝共聚物或无规共聚物。
Non reactive compatibilizer is a common compatibilizer at present. The most common method in polymer alloy technology is to achieve compatibility by adding nonreactive compatibilizer in incompatible polymer systems. The non reactive compatibilizer is generally a copolymer, which can be a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer or a random copolymer.
02.反应型相容剂
2 reactive compatibilizer
反应型相容剂是一种同非极性高分子主链Pc及活性基团(如羟基、环氧基组成，多为无规的)组成的聚合物。由于它的非极性高分子主体能与共混物中的非极性聚合物相容，而极性基团又能与共混物的极性聚合物的活性基团反应或键合，故能起到很好的相容作用。
The reactive compatibilizer is a polymer that is composed of the main chain Pc and the active group (such as hydroxyl, epoxy group and more random). Because its non-polar polymer can be compatible with non-polar polymers in the blend, polar groups can react with or bind with the active groups of the polar polymers of the blend, so it can play a good compatibility role.
一般是大分子型的，其活性官能团可以在分子的末端，也可以在分子的侧链上，其大分子主链可以和共混体系中的至少一种高分子基体相同，也可以不同，但在不同的情况下，其大分子主链应和共混体系中的至少一种高分子基体有较好的相容性。
The general is a large molecule type, which can active functional groups at the molecular ends, also can be in the side chain of molecules, the molecular chain can at least a polymer matrix and blends of the same, can also be different, but in different situations, at least one of the polymer backbone and the matrix the blends have good compatibility.
相容剂的分类与品种
Classification and variety of compatibilizer
01.环装酸酐型（MAH）
1 ring mounted acid anhydride type (MAH)
环状酸酐型类反应型相容剂是目前最常用的一类反应型相容剂。其中，以马来酸酐接枝到聚烯烃上的马来酸酐相容剂为主，其接枝率一般为0.8%-1.0%，主要应用于聚烯烃塑料的改性。将马来酸酐接枝到PS或以PS为基体的二元或多元共聚反应型相容剂，可应用于PA/PC、ABS/GF、PA/ABS的改性、共混或合金。一般用量5%-8%。
Cyclic anhydride type reactive compatibilizer is the most commonly used kind of reactive compatibilizer at present. Maleic anhydride compatibilizer is mainly composed of maleic anhydride grafted onto polyolefin, and its grafting rate is generally 0.8%-1.0%. It is mainly applied to the modification of polyolefin plastics. Grafted maleic anhydride onto PS or PS based two component or multicomponent copolymerization compatibilizer can be applied to modification, blending or alloy of PA/PC, ABS/GF and PA/ABS. The general dosage is 5%-8%.
但此类相容剂可能会降低塑料合金的热变形温度，易使共混组分产生一结不需要的交联和降解，使反应不再能被控制。主要应用于PP/PA6、PP/PA66等合金或共混。一般用量为5%-8%。
However, such compatibilizer may reduce the hot deformation temperature of the plastic alloy, and make the blending component produce an unnecessary cross-linking and degradation, so that the reaction can no longer be controlled. It is mainly used in PP/PA6, PP/PA66 and other alloys or blends. The general dosage is 5%-8%.
02.羧酸型
2 carboxylic acid type
羧酸类中的代表产品为丙烯酸型相容剂。通常是将丙烯酸接枝到聚烯烃树脂上，用途大体与马来酸酐型相同。
The representative products of carboxylic acids are acrylic type compatibilizer. Acrylic acid is usually grafted onto polyolefin resins for the same purpose as maleic anhydride.
03.环氧型
3 epoxy type
环氧型反应型相容剂是环氧树脂或具有环氧基的化合物与其他聚合物接枝共聚而成。这类反应型能起到良好的相容作用。
The epoxy type reactive compatibilizer is the epoxy resin or the epoxy - based compound which is graft copolymerized with other polymers. This type of reactivity can play a good role in compatibility.
04.恶唑啉型
4 oxazoline type
用恶唑啉接枝的PS,即RPS,是一种比较重要的相容剂,接枝率为1%,特点是应用领域较广,不仅能与一般的含氨基或羧基的聚合物反应,还可与含羰基、酸酐、环氧基团反应，生成接枝共聚物。因此，它可以用于PS及多种工程塑料或经改性的聚烯烃树脂。此外，它还可以"就地"相容化，直接用于塑料改性、共混和合金。
Oxazoline grafted PS, RPS, is a relatively important compatibilizer. The grafting rate is 1%, which is widely applied. It can not only react with general polymers containing amino or carboxyl groups, but also react with carbonyl, anhydride and epoxy groups to form graft copolymers. Therefore, it can be used in PS and a variety of engineering plastics or modified polyolefin resins. In addition, it can be used in "in-situ" compatibility, which is directly used for plastic modification, blending and alloy.
05.酰亚胺型
5 imide type
酰亚胺型为改性聚丙烯酸酯、主要适用于PA/PO、PC/PO、PA/PC等工程塑料合金或共混。
Imide is a modified polyacrylate, which is mainly applied to PA/PO, PC/PO, PA/PC and other engineering plastics alloys or blends.
06.异氰酸酯型
6 isocyanate type
其成分为间-异丙烯基-2，2-二甲基苯酰异氰酸酯。可用于含有氨基
Its components are inter - isopropyl -2, 2- two methyl benzoyl isocyanate. Can be used to contain amino