塑料的加工过程是由塑料原料（树脂+添加剂）变成具有一定强度制品的过程。热塑性树脂和热固性树脂其加工过程中所发生的变化不同。
The processing of plastics is the process of converting plastic materials (resin + additives) into products with certain strength. Thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins change in the process of processing.
添加剂改进塑料的加工性能主要集中在如下几个方面。
Additives to improve the processability of plastics are mainly concentrated on the following aspects.
（1）提高树脂的热分解温度
(1) improving the thermal decomposition temperature of the resin
（2）降低树脂的熔融温度
(2) reduce the melting temperature of the resin
（3）改善树脂的加工流动性
(3) improving the processing fluidity of resin
（4）改善树脂的熔体特性
(4) improve the melt properties of the resin
塑料添加剂主要有：增塑剂、润滑剂，接下来小编主要分享几种添加剂的作用机理、种类、品种。
Plastic additives mainly include plasticizers and lubricants. Next, Xiaobian mainly shares the mechanism, types and varieties of additives.
一、
1.
增塑剂的作用机理
The mechanism of action of plasticizer
增塑剂是指可提高聚合物塑性的一类物质，它主要用于PVC树脂，在PVC中的用量可占整个增塑剂用量的98%以上。除PVC外，增塑剂还用于PVDC、CPE、SBS、聚乙酸乙烯酯、硝酸纤维素、PA、ABS及PVA等聚合物中。
Plasticizer is a kind of material that can improve the plasticity of polymer. It is mainly used for PVC resin. The amount of PVC can account for more than 98% of the total plasticizer. In addition to PVC, plasticizers are also used in polymers such as PVDC, CPE, SBS, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose, PA, ABS and PVA.
增塑剂的主要作用如下
The main function of the plasticizer is as follows
a、降低聚合物熔融温度及熔体粘度，从而降低其成型加工温度。
A, reduce polymer melt temperature and melt viscosity, thereby reducing the molding temperature.
b、使聚合物制品具有柔软性、弹性及耐低温性能。
B, make polymer products soft, elastic and low temperature resistance.
增塑剂的具体作用机理如下
The concrete action mechanism of the plasticizer is as follows
a、体积效应
A, volume effect
b、屏蔽效应
B, shielding effect
二
Two
润滑剂作用机理
Action mechanism of lubricants
润滑剂的作用是降低物料之间及物料和加工设备表面的磨擦力，从面降低熔体的流动阻力，降低熔体粘度，提高熔体的流动性，避免熔体与设备的粘附，提高制品表面的光洁度等。
The effect of lubricants is to reduce the friction force between the material and the surface of the material and processing equipment, reduce the flow resistance of the melt from the surface, reduce the viscosity of the melt, improve the fluidity of the melt, avoid the adhesion of the melt to the equipment, and improve the finish of the surface of the product.
常用润滑剂品种
Common lubricant varieties
润滑剂的分类
Classification of lubricants
a、按润滑刘成分分类 主要有饱和烃、卤代烃类、脂肪酸类、脂肪酸酯类、脂肪族酰胺类、金属皂类、脂肪醇及多元醇类等。
A, according to the lubricating Liu composition, mainly include saturated hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty acids, aliphatic amides, metal soaps, fatty alcohols and polyols.
b、按润滑剂的作用分类 可分为内、外润滑剂两种，内、外润滑剂的区分主要依其与树脂的相容性大小。内润滑剂与树脂亲和力大，其作用是降低大分子间的作用力；外润滑剂与树脂的亲和力小，其作用是降低树脂与加工机械之间的磨擦。
B, according to the role of lubricants can be divided into two kinds of lubricants inside and outside, the distinction between internal and external lubricants is mainly based on its compatibility with resin. The internal lubricant has a large affinity with the resin, and its effect is to reduce the force between large molecules; the affinity of the external lubricant and the resin is small, and its effect is to reduce the friction between the resin and the processing machinery.
常用润滑剂品种
Common lubricant varieties
按润滑剂的组成可分为：饱各烃类、金属皂类、脂肪族酰胺、脂肪酸类、脂肪酸酯类及脂肪醇类。
According to the composition of lubricants, it can be divided into: saturated hydrocarbons, metal soap, aliphatic amide, fatty acids, fatty acid esters and fatty alcohols.
