聚合物的相容性与相容剂

Compatibility and compatibilizer of polymer

三

Three

对于聚合物共混体系来说，大多数属于部分相容体系，如果共混组分之间缺乏足够的黏结强度，使应力和应变不能有效地在两相间传递和分散，则共混体系的性能很差。因此，解决聚合物共混体系的相容性，需引入相容剂技术。

For polymer blends, most of the blend systems belong to partially compatible systems. If there is a lack of sufficient bonding strength between the blend components, the stress and strain can not be effectively transferred and dispersed between two phases, and the properties of the blends are very poor. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce compatibilizer technology to solve the compatibility of polymer blends.

（1）相容剂的选择

(1) choice of compatibilizer

相容剂是两种共混聚合物的单体共聚而成的嵌段共聚物，或接枝共聚物，或者含有与共混组分起化学反应的官能团，能分布在两种或两种以上共混聚合物界面之间的共聚物，其作用是降低界面张力，阻止分散相凝聚，稳定已形成的相形态结构，以增加两种或两种以上聚合物的相容性。

The compatibilizer is a block copolymer, either a block copolymer, or a graft copolymer, or a functional group containing a chemical reaction with the blend component of two kinds of blends, which can be distributed between two or more than two kinds of blends. The effect is to reduce the interfacial tension, prevent the condensation of the dispersed phase and stabilize the form. The phase structure is added to increase the compatibility of two or more than two polymers.

相容剂的相对分子质量应与相应的共混物相对分子质量相匹配，并具有良好的相容性。一般来说，二嵌段共聚物的相容性优于三嵌段共聚物的相容性。例如PE/PP共混物的力学强度低，若在PE/PP的共混物中加入4%～8%的PE与PP嵌段共聚物（PE-b-PP）作为相容剂，其力学强度可以大幅度提高。又如SEBS可以作为PE/PS、PP/PS、PET/PE共混体系的相容剂。

The relative molecular mass of the compatibilizer should match the relative molecular weight of the corresponding blend and has good compatibility. Generally speaking, the compatibility of the two block copolymer is better than that of the three block copolymer. For example, the mechanical strength of PE/PP blends is low. If 4% to 8% of PE and PP block copolymer (PE-b-PP) are added to the blends of PE/PP as compatibilizer, the mechanical strength of the blends can be greatly improved. For example, SEBS can be used as compatibilizer for PE/PS, PP/PS and PET/PE blends.

（2）相容剂的作用

(2) the effect of the compatibilizer

相容剂的作用与偶联剂的功能相似，可增加共混体系的均匀性，减少相分离，改善聚合物共混物的综合性能，从而达到聚合物与聚合物相容目的。相容剂基本上有反应型和非反应型两种。

The effect of the compatibilizer is similar to the function of the coupling agent, which can increase the uniformity of the blends, reduce the phase separation and improve the comprehensive properties of the polymer blends, so as to achieve the compatibility of polymer with the polymer. There are basically two kinds of compatibilizer: reactive and non reactive.

非反应型相容剂的效果主要是通过以下作用实现：

The effect of non reactive compatibilizer is mainly achieved through the following functions:

①作为第三组分加入共混体系，以实现降低两相之间界面能。

As a third component, the blend system is added to reduce the interfacial energy between two phases.

②促进相的更好分散，并阻止分散相的再凝聚。

Second, promote the better dispersion of phase and prevent the reaggregation of dispersed phase.

③增加相区的黏合作用。

(3) increase the adhesion of the phase area.