塑料韧性的性能表征

Performance characterization of plastic toughness

——刚性越大材料越不容易发生形变，韧性越大则越容易发生形变

The more rigid the material is, the less likely it is to be deformed. The greater the toughness, the more likely to be deformed.

韧性与刚性相对，是反映物体形变难易程度的一个属性，刚性越大材料越不容易发生形变，韧性越大则越容易发生形变。通常，刚性越大，材料的硬度、拉伸强度、拉伸模量（杨氏模量）、弯曲强度、弯曲模量均较大；反之，韧性越大，断裂伸长率和冲击强度就越大。冲击强度表现为样条或制件承受冲击的强度，通常泛指样条在产生破裂前所吸收的能量。冲击强度随样条形态、试验方法及试样条件表现不同的值，因此不能归为材料的基本性质。

Toughness is relative to rigidity, which is an attribute to reflect the difficult degree of deformation of an object. The more rigid the larger the material, the more easily the deformation is, the more the toughness is, the more easily the deformation is. In general, the greater the rigidity, the greater the hardness, tensile strength, modulus of tensile modulus (Young's modulus), bending strength and flexural modulus, and on the contrary, the greater the toughness, the greater the elongation and impact strength of the fracture. The intensity of impact is represented by the strength of a spline or piece subjected to impact, usually referring to the energy absorbed before the splines are broken. The impact strength varies with the shape of the spline, the test method and the sample conditions, so it can not be classified as the basic properties of the material.

——不同的冲击试验方法所得到的结果是不能进行比较的

The results obtained by different impact test methods can not be compared.

冲击试验的方法很多，依据试验温度分：有常温冲击、低温冲击和高温冲击三种；依据试样受力状态，可分为弯曲冲击-简支梁和悬臂梁冲击、拉伸冲击、扭转冲击和剪切冲击；依据采用的能量和冲击次数，可分为大能量的一次冲击和小能量的多次冲击试验。不同材料或不同用途可选择不同的冲击试验方法，并得到不同的结果，这些结果是不能进行比较的。

There are many methods of impact test, according to the test temperature: there are three kinds of temperature impact, low temperature impact and high temperature impact. According to the stress state of the sample, it can be divided into bending impact, the impact of simple supported beam and cantilever beam, tensile impact, torsional impact and shear impact. According to the number of energy and impact, it can be divided into one time of large energy. Multiple impact tests on impact and small energy. Different impact test methods can be selected for different materials or different uses, and different results can be obtained. These results can not be compared.