通常助剂的选用取决于塑料制品的生产加工和最终的使用要求,与之相对应,助剂可分为加工助剂和功能助剂。凡在塑料制品生产过程中,可保障树脂抵御热、氧、剪切等因素破坏,或改善树脂加工性的助剂统称为加工助剂,如抗氧剂、热稳定剂、润滑剂等。可赋予塑料某一特定功能或使用性的助剂则称为功能助剂,如抗静电剂、防老化助剂、阻燃剂、爽滑剂、抗菌剂等。
Usually, the selection of auxiliaries depends on the processing and final use requirements of plastics products. Correspondingly, auxiliaries can be divided into processing aids and functional auxiliaries. During the production of plastic products, the resin can protect against heat, oxygen, shear and other factors, or the additives for the improvement of resin processing are known as processing aids, such as antioxidants, heat stabilizers, lubricants and so on. The additives that can be given to a particular function or use are called functional additives, such as antistatic agents, antiaging AIDS, flame retardants, antiskid agents, antiseptic agents, etc.
塑料助剂的选择高聚物树脂因结构不同表现出不同的加工特点,据此可分为热塑性和热固性树脂,结晶性和非结晶性聚合物。不同类树脂的加工方式不同,同一类树脂又因最终制品用途不同,加工成型方式也不同,如:吹塑、注塑、搪塑、滚塑、浇注、压延、挤出等。同类塑料制品因其应用行业不同,对功能要求也不同,需用的功能助剂也不同。
The selection of polymer resin has different processing characteristics because of different structure. According to this, it can be divided into thermoplastic and thermosetting resin, crystalline and non crystalline polymers. The processing methods of different kinds of resin are different, and the same kind of resin is different because of the different use of final products, such as blowing, injection, plastic, rolling, casting, rolling, extrusion and so on. Similar plastics products have different functional requirements because of their different application industries, and functional auxiliaries are also different.
根据不同的加工性和功能性选用助剂,往往是一个目标对应一种助剂。塑料制品的多性能需多种助剂,但多种助剂混合在一起,性能并不一定能够协同发挥有时存在反协同作用,反而会劣化制品的物理一机械性能,因此助剂的选择应慎重。
Selecting auxiliaries according to different processability and functionality is often a target corresponding to a promoter. The multi properties of plastic products require a variety of additives, but a variety of additives are mixed together. The performance of the additives does not necessarily play a synergistic effect. Instead, it will deteriorate the physical properties of the products, so the selection of the additives should be carefully chosen.