对润滑油总的要求是：

The general requirements for lubricating oil are:

（1） 减摩抗磨，降低摩擦阻力以节约能源，减少磨损以延长机械寿命，提高经济效益； （2） 冷却，要求随时将摩擦热排出机外；

(1) reduce friction and wear, reduce friction resistance to save energy, reduce wear to prolong mechanical life, improve economic efficiency; (2) cooling, demand for friction heat out of the machine at any time;

（3） 密封，要求防泄漏、防尘、防串气；

(3) seal, require leak proof, dust-proof, anti gas.

（4） 抗腐蚀防锈，要求保护摩擦表面不受油变质或外来侵蚀；

(4) corrosion resistance and rust protection. It is required to protect the friction surface from deterioration or external corrosion.

（5） 清净冲洗，要求把摩擦面积垢清洗排除；

(5) cleaning and washing, requiring cleaning and removing the scale of friction area;

（6） 应力分散缓冲，分散负荷和缓和冲击及减震；

(6) stress dispersion buffer, dispersing load and mitigating impact and shock absorption;

（7） 动能传递，液压系统和遥控马达及摩擦无级变速等。

(7) kinetic energy transfer, hydraulic system, remote control motor and friction continuously variable transmission.

润滑油的成分是基础油和添加剂，其中基础油占大部分。基础油就是油，可以是植物油、石油馏分、人工合成的油类，也可以是某种具有润滑性的液体。

The composition of lubricating oil is base oil and additives, of which the base oil is the majority. Base oil is oil, which can be vegetable oil, petroleum distillate, synthetic oil, or a lubricating liquid.

添加剂是一些化学制剂，各种添加剂以合适的比例调配在基础油里，对成品的润滑油性能起到改善作用，或者赋予基础油一些新的性能。因此，润滑油从成分上来看，都是一些化学物质，因此选用中不能滥用，要根据运用场合，选择适合的配方。

Additives are chemical agents, and all kinds of additives are mixed in the base oil in a suitable proportion, improving the performance of the finished lubricating oil, or giving some new properties to the base oil. Therefore, lubricating oil is a chemical substance in terms of composition. Therefore, it should not be abused in selection. It is necessary to choose suitable formula according to the occasion of application.

目前的润滑油，从成分上可以分为四种类型：

At present, lubricating oil can be divided into four types:

1）纯矿物油，不含添加剂：

1) pure mineral oil, without additives:

古代的润滑油是动植物油，随着石油时代的来临，人类开始使用石油馏分作为润滑油，在发展初期，润滑油的成分就是矿物油（石油馏分），例如API-SA级别的发动机油，就属于纯油型。石油本身具有润滑性、防锈性，随着润滑油技术的发展，才出现了添加剂。目前，这种纯油型的润滑油已经难觅踪迹。

The ancient oil is animal and plant oil. With the coming of the oil age, people began to use petroleum fractions as lubricating oils. In the early stages of development, the composition of the lubricating oil was mineral oil (petroleum fractions), such as the API-SA grade engine oil, which belonged to pure oil. Oil itself has lubricity and rust resistance. With the development of lubricating oil technology, additives have appeared. At present, this pure oil type lubricant has been difficult to trace.

2）矿物油+添加剂：

2) mineral oil + additive:

这类润滑油是目前使用最广泛的润滑油，现在一般把这类润滑油称为矿物油，是因为它们的基础油都使用矿物油（API-I类油、II类油、III类油）。各类工业润滑油和车用润滑油，包括压缩机油、齿轮油、轴承油、发动机油、液压油、汽轮机油、链条油等等，成分大多是矿物油，再加上一些添加剂。

This kind of lubricating oil is the most widely used lubricating oil at present. Now this kind of lubricating oil is generally called mineral oil, because their base oil uses mineral oil (API-I class oil, II type oil, III type oil). All kinds of industrial lubricants and vehicle lubricants, including compressor oil, gear oil, bearing oil, engine oil, hydraulic oil, steam turbine oil, chain oil and so on, mostly mineral oil, plus some additives.

根据矿物油里使用的添加剂类型，矿物油又分为不同配方种类：例如普通的抗氧防锈型（R&O）、极压型（EP）、抗磨型（AW），其中极压型润滑油和抗磨型润滑油里含有极压剂和抗磨剂，这类润滑油比较特殊，因此在选用中如果遇到应特别关注。这类油不可滥用，设备确实需要才可使用。

According to the type of additive used in mineral oil, mineral oil is divided into different kinds of formula: such as ordinary anti rust anti rust type (R&O), extreme pressure type (EP), antiwear type (AW), of which extreme pressure lubricating oil and antiwear lubricating oil contain extreme pressure agent and antiwear agent. Special attention should be paid to it. This kind of oil is not to be abused. Equipment is really needed before it can be used.

矿物油的优点是价格低，性价比较好。如果设备使用中温度较稳定、没有高温/低温运行的情况，还有环境肮脏，难以避免杂质进入油里（需要经常换油），那么矿物油是不错的选择。矿物油的使用温度一般不推荐超过65℃。

The advantages of mineral oil are low price and good price performance. Mineral oil is a good choice if the temperature is stable, there is no high temperature / low temperature operation, and the environment is dirty, and it is difficult to avoid impurities entering the oil. The temperature of mineral oil is generally not recommended to exceed 65 degrees Celsius.