一、脂肪酸及其金属皂类
1. Fatty acids and their metal soaps
脂肪酸及其皂类是用途很广的润滑剂，亦可用作脱模剂。它们的来源丰富、价格低廉，与许多塑料相溶性好，并有热稳定作用，一般都在加工前先与树脂预混，使用方便。硬脂酸迄今仍是最主要的润滑剂之一，因为它的价格低廉、性能全面，且易加工成各种金属皂类，如硬脂酸锌、钝、铅、镁、钡、镉、铝、钠和锂都是常使用的润滑剂。
Fatty acids and their soaps are widely used lubricants and can also be used as release agents. They are rich in source, low in price, good in solubility with many plastics, and have thermal stability. They are generally premixed with resin before processing and are easy to use. Stearic acid is still one of the most important lubricants because of its low price, comprehensive performance and easy processing into various metal soaps, such as zinc stearate, blunt, lead, magnesium, barium, cadmium, aluminum, sodium and lithium are often used lubricants.

1、硬脂酸（又称十八烷酸)：
1. Stearic acid (also known as eighteen alkanic acid):
硬酯酸的纯品是带有光泽的白色柔软小片。20℃时的比重为0.918，熔点70-71℃，沸点383℃，折光率1．4299。在90-100℃下缓慢挥发，易溶于苯、氦仿、乙醚、四氯化碳、二硫化碳、醋酸戊酯、甲苯，能溶于乙醇、丙醇，但几乎不溶于水。工业品纯度40-97%，为白色或微黄色或块状物，是硬脂酸和软脂酸(十六烷酸)的混合物，并含少量油酸，微带脂肪味，无毒。
The pure products of stearic acid are glossy white soft patches. At 20, the specific gravity is 0.918, the melting point is 70-71 degrees, boiling point is 383 degrees, and the refractive index is 1.4299. Slowly volatilization at 90-100 C, easy to dissolve in benzene, helium imitation, ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, amyl acetate, toluene, soluble in ethanol and propanol, but almost insoluble in water. The purity of industrial products 40-97%, white or yellowish or lump, is a mixture of stearic acid and palmitic acid (sixteen alkanic acid), with a small amount of oleic acid, microstrip fat taste, nontoxic.

2、硬脂酸皂类：
2, stearate soap:
塑料加工中最常用的硬脂酸皂类是硬脂酸锌、钙、铅、钡，它们都兼有稳定剂作用(物化常数见“热稳定剂”)。其中硬脂酸锌可以作聚苯乙烯、ABS、SAN、酚醛、氨基、不饱和聚酯树脂等的润滑剂，也是透明塑料制品常用的脱模剂。硬脂酸钙可用作聚烯烃、酚醛、氨基、不饱和聚酯的润滑剂。
The most commonly used stearic acid soap in plastics processing is zinc stearate, calcium, lead and barium, both of which have stabilizers (the physicochemical constants are "heat stabilizers"). Zinc stearate can be used as a lubricant for polystyrene, ABS, SAN, phenolic, amino, unsaturated polyester resin and so on. It is also a commonly used demoulding agent for transparent plastic products. Calcium stearate can be used as lubricant for polyolefin, phenolic aldehyde, amino and unsaturated polyester.
二、酯 类
Two, ester
较理想的酚类润滑剂是那些在分子链上有长链脂肪族基的化合物。一般天然蜡属酯类，也是一类优良润滑剂。
The ideal phenolic lubricants are compounds with long chain aliphatic groups on the molecular chains. Natural wax is a class of esters and is also a class of excellent lubricants.

1、硬脂改正丁酯
1, stearic correction butyl ester
浅黄色液体，溶于大多数有机溶剂，难溶或微溶于甘油、乙二醇、甲醇和某些胺类。
Pale yellow liquid, soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble or slightly soluble in glycerol, ethylene glycol, methanol and some amines.

2、硬脂酸单甘油酯(简称GMB)
2, monoglyceride stearate (GMB)
这是一种呈白色或象牙色的蜡状固体，熔点为60℃以珠状料供应。比重0.9。工业产品中的纯度约25-90%，其余组成是硬酸脂酸双甘油酯、三甘油酯及甘油等。它适用于聚甲醛、加玻纤之聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯、醇酸及密胺树脂等。
It is a wax solid with white or ivory color. The melting point is 60 degrees centigrade and is supplied with beads. The proportion is 0.9. The purity of industrial products is about 25-90%, the remaining components are glyceryl stearate, three glyceride and glycerol. It is suitable for polyoxymethylene, glass fiber polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyamide, polypropylene, alkyd and melamine resin.

3、三硬脂酸甘油酯(简称HTG)
3, three stearate (HTG)
这是一种白色脆性的蜡状固体，以片状供应，比重0.96，熔点60-64℃。
This is a white brittle waxy solid, flaky, 0.96 in weight and 60-64 in melting point.